Образование в россии и за рубежом

free
profession
knowledge
degree
education
field
to train
academic
to go on
to study
usually
private
to comprise
profound
undergraduate
to receive
to continue
at no cost
sphere
as a rule
deep
rank
student
educational
to get
information
schooling
to learn
to prepare
job
to include
personal

Task 5. Find antonyms:

right
after
inclusive
foreign
to centralize
together
fee-paying
to go on
few
compulsory
different
exclusive
to decentralize
similar
duty
native
to give up
free
many
before
alone
optional

Task 6. Give English equivalents for:

Право на образование, учебные предметы, среднее образование, и другие, после окончания, готовить специалистов, программа подготовки в технической области, в различных областях, курс занимает 5 лет, платный, частные школы, получать стипендию, переходный период.

Task 7. Find the proper ending to each sentence:

1. The right to education	a) he or she must stay at school for two more years.
2. Education in Russia is compulsory up	b) one can go on in higher education.
3. If a pupil of a secondary school wishes to go on in higher education,	c) he or she receives a candidate’s degree or a doctoral degree.
4. After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school,	d) some universities have fee-paying departments.
5. If one finishes a graduate course and writes a thesis,	e) is stated in the Constitution.
6. An institute or a university has a number of faculties,	f) to the 9th form inclusive.
7. Now there is quite a number of private fee-paying primary and secondary schools;	g) each specializing in a field of study.

Task 8. Translate into English:

1. 
   Право на образование, записанное в конституции, доказывает, что в России придается большое значение образованию.
   
2. 
   Существует два этапа обязательного школьного образования в Рос­сии: начальное образование и среднее образование.
   
3. 
   Обязательное среднее образование в России состоит из двух эта­пов: средние классы и старшие классы.
   
4. 
   Во всех школах есть основная программа; лицеи и гимназии пред­лагают академические программы и программы, дающие углублен­ные знания в одной из областей.
   
5. 
   Поступающие в вуз должны закончить 11 классов средней школы и пройти через конкурсные вступительные экзамены.
   
6. 
   После окончания курса аспирантуры и написания диссертации аспирант получает степень кандидата наук.
   
7. 
   Во время переходного периода меняется финансовый механизм образования: появляются частные школы и платные отделения в институтах.
   

Task 9. Answer the following questions:

1. 
   What is the right to education in Russia ensured by?
   
2. 
   What are the stages of compulsory schooling in Russia?
   
3. 
   What programmes of study do different types of school in Russia offer?
   
4. 
   What is a vocational school?
   
5. 
   What is necessary for entering a higher education establishment?
   
6. 
   What degrees can one get at a higher education establishment?
   
7. 
   What is the structure of an institute or a university?
   
8. 
   How can you prove that education in Russia is going through a transitional period?
   

Unit II

Task 1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

prescribed curriculum обязательная программа

voluntary необязательный
to take a school-leaving examination in сдавать выпускные экзамены по
Ordinary level обычный уровень

to be conducted by an independent проводиться независимой

examining board экзаменационной комиссией

further education establishment учебное заведение дальнейшего

образования
General Certificate of Education аттестат об общем образовании
Advanced level продвинутый уровень
General Certificate of Secondary общий аттестат о среднем
Education образовании
professional training профессиональная подготовка
to take one’s «A» level examinations in сдавать экзамены продвинутого
уровня
on the basis of «A» level results на основе результатов экзаменов
продвинутого уровня
former polytechnic бывший политехнический институт
undergraduate course курс для студентов
to take ... years занимать… лет
full-time study дневное обучение
a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Science степень бакалавра гуманитарных
или естественных наук
a postgraduate degree ученая степень
Master of Philosophy магистр гуманитарных наук
to be awarded for smth. присуждаться за что-либо
the Council for National Academic Awards национальный совет по
присуждению ученых степеней
a vocational area область профессионального
обучения
to receive a grant получать стипендию
a local authority местный орган власти
to cover the cost of smth. покрывать расходы на что-либо
living expenses стоимость проживания
to be famous for academic excellence быть известным великолепным
качеством обучения

Task 2. Look through the text. Find international words and translate them.

Task 3. Fill in the gaps using the given words: «A» level examinations, degree, take, level, a grant, compulsory, «Oxbridge», school-leaving.

1. 
   Secondary education is … up to the age of sixteen.
   
2. 
   Pupils of comprehensive school … the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education.
   
3. 
   Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take … in two or three subjects.
   
4. 
   Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study and lead in most cases to a Bachelor’s … in Arts or Science.
   
5. 
   Students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive … from their local authority.
   
6. 
   At the age of sixteen pupils take … examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level.
   
7. 
   The most famous universities in the UK are Oxford and Cambridge, called …
   
8. 
   Students can be accepted mainly on the basis of their «A» … results, although they may interview them as well.
   

Task 4. Find in the text below sentences in the Passive Voice and translate subject and predicate.

Task 5. Read and translate the text:

education in the United Kingdom

The organization of state schooling is not as centralized as in most European countries. Firstly, there is no prescribed curriculum. Secondly, the types of school available and the age ranges for which they cater vary in different parts of the country.

Secondary education is compulsory up to the age of sixteen, and pupils can stay at school voluntarily for up to three years longer.
At the age of sixteen pupils take school-leaving examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level. The exam used to be conducted by eight independent examining boards, most of them connected with an university. This examination could also be taken by candidates at a further education establishment. This exam was called the General Certificate of Education. Pupils of comprehensive school had taken the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education either with or instead of the General Certificate of Education, Ordinary level.
A General Certificate of Education of Advanced («A») level was taken two years after the Ordinary level exam. It was the standard for entrance to University and to many forms of professional training. In 1988 both examinations were replaced by the more or less uniform General Certificate of Secondary Education.
Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take «A» level examinations in two or three subjects. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their«A» level results, although they may interview them as well.
There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty former polytechnics (now also universities), plus 350 colleges and institutes of higher education (some of which train teachers).
Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study, although a number of subjects take longer, including medicine, architecture and foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). They lead in most cases to a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Science. There are various postgraduate degrees, including Master and Doctor of Philosophy. The last two are awarded for research in arts or sciences.
Degrees are awarded either by the institution itself, or by the Council for National Academic Awards, particularly in vocational areas.
At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses.
The most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge, called «Oxbridge». They are famous for their academic excellence.

Task 6. Form Past Simple Tense and Participle II from following verbs:

Accept - … - …

Award - … - …
Be - … - …
Call - … - …
Cater - … - …
Cover - … - …
Go - … - …
Interview - … - …
Lead - … - …
Stay - … - …
Take - .. - …

Task 7. Agree or disagree to the following statements using such phrases as: maybe, to my mind, you are mistaken, of course, I’m afraid you are wrong, you are right.

1. 
   Secondary education is compulsory up to the age of fourteen.
   
2. 
   Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take «O» level examinations.
   
3. 
   There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty former polytechnics.
   
4. 
   Undergraduate courses normally take five years of full-time study.
   
5. 
   Students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from the Queen.
   

Task 8. Answer the questions:

1. 
   What kind of school-leaving exams do children take at schools of different types?
   
2. 
   What is necessary to go on to higher education?
   
3. 
   What types of higher educational establishments are there in the UK?
   
4. 
   What courses of study are offered by higher education establishments?
   
5. 
   What is the procedure of awarding degrees?
   
6. 
   What are the conditions of receiving grants?
   
7. 
   What are the Oxbridge universities famous for?
   

Task 9. Translate into English:

1. 
   Государственное школьное обучение в Великобритании не так централизовано, как в других европейских странах.
   
2. 
   Выпускные экзамены сдаются по нескольким предметам в уров­нях «О» (обычный) или «A» (продвинутый).
   
3. 
   B университеты принимают студентов в соответствии с результата­ми сдачи ими экзаменов продвинутого уровня.
   
4. 
   Вузы Великобритании подразделяются на следующие типы: уни­верситеты (в том числе бывшие политехнические институты), кол­леджи и институты.
   
5. 
   Обучение на дневном отделении обычно длится три года и более.
   
6. 
   Обучение студентов обычно приводит к получению степени бака­лавра гуманитарных или естественных наук.
   
7. 
   Степень магистра присуждается за исследования в области гуманитарных или естественных наук.
   
8. 
   Экзамены на присуждение степеней сдаются в вузе, националь­ном совете по присуждению ученых степеней или в профессиональ­ных органах.
   
9. 
   Студенты получают стипендии от местных органов власти, кото­рые обязательно покрывают стоимость обучения и иногда – сто­имость проживания.
   

Task 10. Read the text «Education In the United Kingdom», divide it into logical parts, titled them, write down key-words to each of the part.

Task 11. Retell the text «Education In the United Kingdom».

Unit III

Task 1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

to require for admission требовать при поступлении

to be carried on осуществляться
graduation from a standard окончание средней школы
secondary school
a curriculum программа
to lead to smth. приводить к чему-либо

the bachelor’s degree in arts степень бакалавра гуманитарных и

and sciences технических наук

to be the central unit быть центральным звеном

a separate corporate entity отдельная составная единица
an educational institution образовательное учреждение
to comprise smth. / to include smth. включать что-либо (в состав)
a college of liberal arts and sciences колледж свободных искусств и наук
a professional school профессиональный колледж
a professional degree профессиональная степень
a graduate college (school) аспирантура

to provide a programme for study предоставлять программу обучения и

and research исследований

beyond the level of smth. выше уровня чего-либо

to offer instruction давать образование
to be incorporated in a university быть включенным в университет
to be separate from a university быть независимым от университета

to provide preparation давать подготовку в профессиональ-

in a professional field ной области

a junior college первая ступень колледжа

a degree-granting institution учебное заведение, присваивающее

степень
a technical institution технический колледж
to fall into the category of попадать в определенную категорию

Task 2. Do you know the meaning of the following derivatives? Show it with the help of your own sentences.

Educate-education-educational;

Require-required-requirement;
Admit-admission-admissive;
Separate-separation-separator;
Depend-dependence-independence;
Science-scientific-scientist;
Grade-gradual-graduation;
Prepare-preparation-prepared.

Task 3. Fill in the gaps using the given words: offer, leading, admission, fields, confusion, schooling.

1. 
   Higher education in the United States requires for admission 12 years of elementary and secondary...
   
2. 
   The university in the United States is an educational institution comprising a college of liberal arts and sciences, a professional school … to a professional degree and a graduate college.
   
3. 
   The Universities provide preparation in one or more professional…, such as law, music or theology.
   
4. 
   Technical institutions … programmes of technological study only at the junior college level.
   
5. 
   Colleges require for … graduation from a standard secondary school.
   
6. 
   There is some … in the use of the terms «college» and «university» in the USA.
   

Task 3. Read and translate the text:

American universities and colleges

Higher education in the United States includes educational programmes which usually require for admission 12 years of elementary and secondary schooling. It is carried on under a number of forms.

The most common type of higher education is the college. It requires for admission graduation from a standard secondary school; its four-year curriculum leads to the bachelor’s degree in arts and sciences.
The American college is known by various titles such as the college of liberal arts, the college of arts and sciences, the college of literature, science and arts. The college may be the central unit around which the university is organized, or it may be a separate corporate entity, independent from the University.
The university in the United States is an educational institution comprising a college of liberal arts and sciences, a professional school leading to a professional degree and a graduate college (school). A graduate college provides programmes for study and research beyond the levels of the bachelor’s and first professional degree.
The word «university», however, is also used in a broader sense, for almost any type of educational institution offering instruction beyond the level of the secondary school.
Thus in the United States there is some confusion in the use of the terms «college» and «university». Some institutions that are in fact colleges of liberal arts have been incorporated in the universities. Some institutions incorporated in colleges are in fact universities with graduate and professional schools.
In addition to colleges and universities there is a large number of professional schools, separate from universities. They provide preparation in one or more professional fields, such as law, music or theology. Junior colleges or professional schools do not offer the full four-year curriculum leading to a degree.
In institute of technology is a degree-granting institution that specializes in science and technology; some of them have graduate study. All institution offering programmes of technological study only at the junior college level is known as a technical institution.
The colleges in the United States differ greatly in size – they may once tide from 100 to 5000 students and more. Most of the larger institution fall into the category of universities, the largest being University of California, State University of New York, New York University, Columbia university and others.

Task 4. Find in the text English equivalents for the expressions given below:

образовательные программы обычно требуют, самый распространенный тип высшего образования, колледж может быть центральным звеном, колледж свободных искусств и наук, в США есть некоторая путаница, большое количество профессиональных колледжей, они предоставляют подготовку, которое специализируется в науке и технологии, отличаются сильно по размеру, будучи самым крупным университетом в Калифорнии.

Task 5. Answer the questions:

1. 
   What do higher education institutions in the USA require for admission?
   
2. 
   What degree does a college lead to?
   
3. 
   What sense is the word «college» used in?
   
4. 
   What kind of educational institution is the University?
   
5. 
   What sense is the word «university» used in?
   
6. 
   What kind of preparation do professional schools provide?
   
7. 
   What is an institute of technology?
   
8. 
   What is the size of colleges and universities in America?
   

Task 6. Translate into English:

1. 
   Для поступления в университет или колледж в Америке необходи­мо закончить среднюю школу.
   
2. 
   В США существует несколько типов вузов: колледж, университет, профессиональный колледж и др.
   
3. 
   Университет обычно состоит из колледжа гуманитарных и естественных наук, профессионального отделения и аспирантуры.
   
4. 
   После 4 лет в университете студент получает степень бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук.
   
5. 
   Аспирантура предлагает программы выше уровня степени бакалавра и первой профессиональной степени.
   
6. 
   Университет может иметь колледж в своем составе; колледж может входить в университет или быть самостоятельной единицей.
   
7. 
   Профессиональный колледж – это учебное заведение, существующее отдельно от университета.
   
8. 
   Колледжи и университеты предлагают программы, после прохождения которых присваивается степень бакалавра.
   
9. 
   Технические институты также присваивают степени и часто предлагают курс аспирантуры.
   

Task 7. Read the text (5 min.) and give a short summary of the contents in Russian. Look through the notes to the text.

Schooling in the United States

There are two major types of schools in the USA – public and private, or fee-paying. Four out of five private schools are run by churches, synagogues and other religious groups.

A general school is also open, but it offers a more limited program. Extensive program of prevocational or vocational courses and advanced courses in academic studies are usually excluded.
A vocational school is for students of the community who are interested in its specialized area of training and a program of general education.
A specialized school is for pupils with special capabilities who are qualified to concentrate in a particular area of study. It is for the academically, musically, artistically gifted.
High school students who wish to attend a college or university go through one of the two standard tests — SAT and ACT. They are given by non-profit, non-governmental organizations.

Notes:

public (American) государственный
prevocational and vocational education предпрофессиональное
и профессиональное образование
an advanced course in smth. усложненный курс по чему-либо
academic studies общеобразовательный курс
to be qualified to concentrate получить квалификацию в
in a particular area of study определенной области знаний
to go through a test пройти тест
SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) тест академических способностей
ACT (American College Testing) тест американского колледжа
to be given by non-profit, проводиться некоммерческими,
non‑governmental organizations неправительственными организациями


unit 4

Task 1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

to establish (to found) основывать

department отделение, кафедра
full-time department дневное отделение